Security Vulnerabilities - CVEs Published In September 2025
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/ism: fix concurrency management in ism_cmd()
The s390x ISM device data sheet clearly states that only one
request-response sequence is allowable per ISM function at any point in
time. Unfortunately as of today the s390/ism driver in Linux does not
honor that requirement. This patch aims to rectify that.
This problem was discovered based on Aliaksei's bug report which states
that for certain workloads the ISM functions end up entering error state
(with PEC 2 as seen from the logs) after a while and as a consequence
connections handled by the respective function break, and for future
connection requests the ISM device is not considered -- given it is in a
dysfunctional state. During further debugging PEC 3A was observed as
well.
A kernel message like
[ 1211.244319] zpci: 061a:00:00.0: Event 0x2 reports an error for PCI function 0x61a
is a reliable indicator of the stated function entering error state
with PEC 2. Let me also point out that a kernel message like
[ 1211.244325] zpci: 061a:00:00.0: The ism driver bound to the device does not support error recovery
is a reliable indicator that the ISM function won't be auto-recovered
because the ISM driver currently lacks support for it.
On a technical level, without this synchronization, commands (inputs to
the FW) may be partially or fully overwritten (corrupted) by another CPU
trying to issue commands on the same function. There is hard evidence that
this can lead to DMB token values being used as DMB IOVAs, leading to
PEC 2 PCI events indicating invalid DMA. But this is only one of the
failure modes imaginable. In theory even completely losing one command
and executing another one twice and then trying to interpret the outputs
as if the command we intended to execute was actually executed and not
the other one is also possible. Frankly, I don't feel confident about
providing an exhaustive list of possible consequences.
CVSS Score
4.7
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
parisc: Revise __get_user() to probe user read access
Because of the way read access support is implemented, read access
interruptions are only triggered at privilege levels 2 and 3. The
kernel executes at privilege level 0, so __get_user() never triggers
a read access interruption (code 26). Thus, it is currently possible
for user code to access a read protected address via a system call.
Fix this by probing read access rights at privilege level 3 (PRIV_USER)
and setting __gu_err to -EFAULT (-14) if access isn't allowed.
Note the cmpiclr instruction does a 32-bit compare because COND macro
doesn't work inside asm.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
open_tree_attr: do not allow id-mapping changes without OPEN_TREE_CLONE
As described in commit 7a54947e727b ('Merge patch series "fs: allow
changing idmappings"'), open_tree_attr(2) was necessary in order to
allow for a detached mount to be created and have its idmappings changed
without the risk of any racing threads operating on it. For this reason,
mount_setattr(2) still does not allow for id-mappings to be changed.
However, there was a bug in commit 2462651ffa76 ("fs: allow changing
idmappings") which allowed users to bypass this restriction by calling
open_tree_attr(2) *without* OPEN_TREE_CLONE.
can_idmap_mount() prevented this bug from allowing an attached
mountpoint's id-mapping from being modified (thanks to an is_anon_ns()
check), but this still allows for detached (but visible) mounts to have
their be id-mapping changed. This risks the same UAF and locking issues
as described in the merge commit, and was likely unintentional.
CVSS Score
7.8
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
vsock/virtio: Validate length in packet header before skb_put()
When receiving a vsock packet in the guest, only the virtqueue buffer
size is validated prior to virtio_vsock_skb_rx_put(). Unfortunately,
virtio_vsock_skb_rx_put() uses the length from the packet header as the
length argument to skb_put(), potentially resulting in SKB overflow if
the host has gone wonky.
Validate the length as advertised by the packet header before calling
virtio_vsock_skb_rx_put().
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iio: imu: bno055: fix OOB access of hw_xlate array
Fix a potential out-of-bounds array access of the hw_xlate array in
bno055.c.
In bno055_get_regmask(), hw_xlate was iterated over the length of the
vals array instead of the length of the hw_xlate array. In the case of
bno055_gyr_scale, the vals array is larger than the hw_xlate array,
so this could result in an out-of-bounds access. In practice, this
shouldn't happen though because a match should always be found which
breaks out of the for loop before it iterates beyond the end of the
hw_xlate array.
By adding a new hw_xlate_len field to the bno055_sysfs_attr, we can be
sure we are iterating over the correct length.
CVSS Score
7.1
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ksmbd: fix refcount leak causing resource not released
When ksmbd_conn_releasing(opinfo->conn) returns true,the refcount was not
decremented properly, causing a refcount leak that prevents the count from
reaching zero and the memory from being released.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
crypto: qat - flush misc workqueue during device shutdown
Repeated loading and unloading of a device specific QAT driver, for
example qat_4xxx, in a tight loop can lead to a crash due to a
use-after-free scenario. This occurs when a power management (PM)
interrupt triggers just before the device-specific driver (e.g.,
qat_4xxx.ko) is unloaded, while the core driver (intel_qat.ko) remains
loaded.
Since the driver uses a shared workqueue (`qat_misc_wq`) across all
devices and owned by intel_qat.ko, a deferred routine from the
device-specific driver may still be pending in the queue. If this
routine executes after the driver is unloaded, it can dereference freed
memory, resulting in a page fault and kernel crash like the following:
BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffa000002e50a01c
#PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
RIP: 0010:pm_bh_handler+0x1d2/0x250 [intel_qat]
Call Trace:
pm_bh_handler+0x1d2/0x250 [intel_qat]
process_one_work+0x171/0x340
worker_thread+0x277/0x3a0
kthread+0xf0/0x120
ret_from_fork+0x2d/0x50
To prevent this, flush the misc workqueue during device shutdown to
ensure that all pending work items are completed before the driver is
unloaded.
Note: This approach may slightly increase shutdown latency if the
workqueue contains jobs from other devices, but it ensures correctness
and stability.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
crypto: caam - Prevent crash on suspend with iMX8QM / iMX8ULP
Since the CAAM on these SoCs is managed by another ARM core, called the
SECO (Security Controller) on iMX8QM and Secure Enclave on iMX8ULP, which
also reserves access to register page 0 suspend operations cannot touch
this page.
This is similar to when running OPTEE, where OPTEE will reserve page 0.
Track this situation using a new state variable no_page0, reflecting if
page 0 is reserved elsewhere, either by other management cores in SoC or
by OPTEE.
Replace the optee_en check in suspend/resume with the new check.
optee_en cannot go away as it's needed elsewhere to gate OPTEE specific
situations.
Fixes the following splat at suspend:
Internal error: synchronous external abort: 0000000096000010 [#1] SMP
Hardware name: Freescale i.MX8QXP ACU6C (DT)
pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : readl+0x0/0x18
lr : rd_reg32+0x18/0x3c
sp : ffffffc08192ba20
x29: ffffffc08192ba20 x28: ffffff8025190000 x27: 0000000000000000
x26: ffffffc0808ae808 x25: ffffffc080922338 x24: ffffff8020e89090
x23: 0000000000000000 x22: ffffffc080922000 x21: ffffff8020e89010
x20: ffffffc080387ef8 x19: ffffff8020e89010 x18: 000000005d8000d5
x17: 0000000030f35963 x16: 000000008f785f3f x15: 000000003b8ef57c
x14: 00000000c418aef8 x13: 00000000f5fea526 x12: 0000000000000001
x11: 0000000000000002 x10: 0000000000000001 x9 : 0000000000000000
x8 : ffffff8025190870 x7 : ffffff8021726880 x6 : 0000000000000002
x5 : ffffff80217268f0 x4 : ffffff8021726880 x3 : ffffffc081200000
x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : ffffff8020e89010 x0 : ffffffc081200004
Call trace:
readl+0x0/0x18
caam_ctrl_suspend+0x30/0xdc
dpm_run_callback.constprop.0+0x24/0x5c
device_suspend+0x170/0x2e8
dpm_suspend+0xa0/0x104
dpm_suspend_start+0x48/0x50
suspend_devices_and_enter+0x7c/0x45c
pm_suspend+0x148/0x160
state_store+0xb4/0xf8
kobj_attr_store+0x14/0x24
sysfs_kf_write+0x38/0x48
kernfs_fop_write_iter+0xb4/0x178
vfs_write+0x118/0x178
ksys_write+0x6c/0xd0
__arm64_sys_write+0x14/0x1c
invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x64/0xb0
do_el0_svc+0x90/0xb0
el0_svc+0x18/0x44
el0t_64_sync_handler+0x88/0x124
el0t_64_sync+0x150/0x154
Code: 88dffc21 88dffc21 5ac00800 d65f03c0 (b9400000)
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
media: iris: Fix NULL pointer dereference
A warning reported by smatch indicated a possible null pointer
dereference where one of the arguments to API
"iris_hfi_gen2_handle_system_error" could sometimes be null.
To fix this, add a check to validate that the argument passed is not
null before accessing its members.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
media: venus: protect against spurious interrupts during probe
Make sure the interrupt handler is initialized before the interrupt is
registered.
If the IRQ is registered before hfi_create(), it's possible that an
interrupt fires before the handler setup is complete, leading to a NULL
dereference.
This error condition has been observed during system boot on Rb3Gen2.
CVSS Score
5.5
EPSS Score
0.0
Published
2025-09-05