Security Vulnerabilities
The Nuvoton NuMaker HSUSBD USB device-controller driver (drivers/usb/udc/udc_numaker.c) armed the control Data IN stage unconditionally (base->CEPTXCNT = len in numaker_hsusbd_ep_trigger). Because the HSUSBD hardware cannot disarm a control Data IN already armed for a previous transfer, a USB host that cancels an in-flight control transfer (timeout) and then issues a new SETUP packet can drive the driver out of sync: stale data may be transmitted in the new transfer and the control endpoint can become permanently stuck NAK'ing every subsequent control transfer.
A malicious or buggy host (physical/adjacent attacker driving the bus) can repeatedly cancel-and-re-SETUP to wedge the device's USB control endpoint, denying service to the device's USB function (the device stops enumerating/responding on the control pipe) until a USB reset or re-plug. The flaw is an availability-only denial of service; the FIFO copy loops (bounded by net_buf length and the hardware BUFFULL flag) and the net_buf lifecycle are independent of the arming desync, so there is no out-of-bounds access, use-after-free, or information leak.
The fix monitors the IN-token and new-SETUP events (k_event) and only arms control Data IN when an IN token is present and no new SETUP has arrived, cancelling the current transfer on a new SETUP. Affects boards using the Nuvoton NuMaker HSUSBD controller (CONFIG_UDC_NUMAKER with DT_HAS_NUVOTON_NUMAKER_HSUSBD_ENABLED); shipped in v4.4.0.
CVSS Score
2.4
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2026-07-12
In Zephyr's experimental USB host stack (CONFIG_USB_HOST_STACK), usbh_device_disconnect() (subsys/usb/host/usbh_device.c) freed the root usb_device slab object without clearing the cached pointer ctx->root. The bus removal handler dev_removed_handler() (subsys/usb/host/usbh_core.c) decides what to tear down solely from ctx->root, checking only that it is non-NULL.
Because UHC controller drivers (e.g. uhc_max3421e, uhc_mcux_common) synthesize UHC_EVT_DEV_REMOVED directly from physical bus line state with no debounce or state guard, an attacker with physical USB access (or a rogue device that bounces its connection) can deliver a second device-removed event after a root device disconnect. The handler then re-enters usbh_device_disconnect() with the dangling pointer, locking a mutex inside the freed object (use-after-free), removing the freed node from the device list, and calling k_mem_slab_free() on the already-freed block (double-free). If the slab block has been reissued to a newly attached device in between, this corrupts a live object.
Impact is denial of service (crash) and memory corruption; the attack vector is physical/local. The flaw was introduced in v4.4.0 by the connect/disconnect refactor and is fixed by clearing ctx->root in usbh_device_disconnect() before freeing.
CVSS Score
6.1
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2026-07-12
Untrusted pointer dereference in Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
CVSS Score
8.3
EPSS Score
0.005
Published
2026-07-12
Crawl4AI before 0.8.8 contains credential exfiltration vulnerabilities in the Docker API server that allow attackers to redirect LLM API calls to attacker-controlled endpoints and read arbitrary environment variables. Attackers can exploit the unauthenticated /md, /llm, and /llm/job endpoints by supplying a malicious base_url parameter and setting api_token to env:VARIABLE_NAME to exfiltrate provider API keys and server secrets including JWT SECRET_KEY for authentication bypass.
CVSS Score
8.8
EPSS Score
0.003
Published
2026-07-12
Crawl4AI before 0.8.7 contains an arbitrary file write vulnerability in the Docker API server's /screenshot and /pdf endpoints. The output_path parameter accepts arbitrary filesystem paths without validation, allowing an attacker to supply absolute or path-traversal values to write to any location writable by the application's user, overwriting server files and causing denial of service.
CVSS Score
8.8
EPSS Score
0.004
Published
2026-07-12
Flowise before 3.1.0 (affected versions 3.0.13 and earlier) uses weak hardcoded default JWT secrets ('auth_token', 'refresh_token') and default audience and issuer values ('AUDIENCE', 'ISSUER') in the enterprise passport authentication middleware (packages/server/src/enterprise/middleware/passport/index.ts). When the corresponding environment variables (JWT_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET, JWT_REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET, JWT_AUDIENCE, JWT_ISSUER) are not set, the application silently falls back to these publicly known defaults, allowing an attacker to forge valid JWTs and impersonate any user, including administrators, resulting in authentication bypass.
CVSS Score
9.3
EPSS Score
0.004
Published
2026-07-12
Deserialization of untrusted data in Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
CVSS Score
8.3
EPSS Score
0.007
Published
2026-07-11
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-26 contains a policy bypass vulnerability in the APNG encoder and external delegates due to missing validation checks. Attackers can write files to disallowed paths by bypassing configured policy restrictions through the APNG encoding process.
CVSS Score
4.8
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2026-07-11
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-26 contains a use-after-free vulnerability in the FormatMagickCaption method when memory allocation fails. Attackers can trigger memory allocation failures to cause a dangling pointer to reference freed memory, potentially enabling denial of service or code execution.
CVSS Score
6.3
EPSS Score
0.003
Published
2026-07-11
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-26 contains a memory leak vulnerability in the VIFF encoder when memory allocation fails. Attackers can trigger allocation failures by processing specially crafted VIFF images to exhaust available memory and cause denial of service.
CVSS Score
2.1
EPSS Score
0.002
Published
2026-07-11