A certain pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) algorithm that uses ADD with 0 random hops (aka "Algorithm A0"), as used in OpenBSD 3.5 through 4.2 and NetBSD 1.6.2 through 4.0, allows remote attackers to guess sensitive values such as (1) DNS transaction IDs or (2) IP fragmentation IDs by observing a sequence of previously generated values. NOTE: this issue can be leveraged for attacks such as DNS cache poisoning, injection into TCP packets, and OS fingerprinting.
The sendfile system call in FreeBSD 5.5 through 7.0 does not check the access flags of the file descriptor used for sending a file, which allows local users to read the contents of write-only files.
Off-by-one error in the inet_network function in libbind in ISC BIND 9.4.2 and earlier, as used in libc in FreeBSD 6.2 through 7.0-PRERELEASE, allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted input that triggers memory corruption.
The ptsname function in FreeBSD 6.0 through 7.0-PRERELEASE does not properly verify that a certain portion of a device name is associated with a pty of a user who is calling the pt_chown function, which might allow local users to read data from the pty from another user.
The script program in FreeBSD 5.0 through 7.0-PRERELEASE invokes openpty, which creates a pseudo-terminal with world-readable and world-writable permissions when it is not run as root, which allows local users to read data from the terminal of the user running script.
The "internal state tracking" code for the random and urandom devices in FreeBSD 5.5, 6.1 through 6.3, and 7.0 beta 4 allows local users to obtain portions of previously-accessed random values, which could be leveraged to bypass protection mechanisms that rely on secrecy of those values.
Multiple race conditions in (1) certain rules and (2) argument copying during VM protection, in CerbNG for FreeBSD 4.8 allow local users to defeat system call interposition and possibly gain privileges or bypass auditing, as demonstrated by modifying command lines in log-exec.cb.
CerbNG for FreeBSD 4.8 does not properly implement VM protection when attempting to prevent system call wrapper races, which allows local users to have an unknown impact related to an "incorrect write protection of pages".
Integer overflow in print-bgp.c in the BGP dissector in tcpdump 3.9.6 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted TLVs in a BGP packet, related to an unchecked return value.
archive_read_support_format_tar.c in libarchive before 2.2.4 allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via (1) an end-of-file condition within a tar header that follows a pax extension header or (2) a malformed pax extension header in an (a) PAX or a (b) TAR archive, which results in a NULL pointer dereference, a different issue than CVE-2007-3644.